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     SECTION 5.2                                           Text State Param eters and Operators



     the effect of expanding the distance between glyphs (see Figure 5.6), whereas for
     vertical writing, a negative value of Tc has this effect.



         Tc = 0 (default)
                                    Character
         Tc = 0.25
                                    Character
                            FIGURE 5.6 Character spacing in horizontal writing


5.2.2 Word Spacing

     Word spacing works the same way as character spacing but applies only to the
     space character, code 32. The word-spacing parameter, Tw, is added to the
     glyph’s horizontal or vertical displacement (depending on the writing mode). For
     horizontal writing, a positive value for Tw has the effect of increasing the spacing
     between words. For vertical writing, a positive value for Tw decreases the spacing
     between words (and a negative value increases it), since vertical coordinates in-
     crease from bottom to top. Figure 5.7 illustrates the effect of word spacing in
     horizontal writing.



         Tw = 0 (default)
                                    Word Space
         Tw = 2.5
                                    Word Space
                              FIGURE 5.7 Word spacing in horizontal writing


     Note: Word spacing is applied to every occurrence of the single-byte character code
     32 in a string when using a simple font or a composite font that defines code 32 as a
     single-byte code. It does not apply to occurrences of the byte value 32 in multiple-
     byte codes.

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