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       CHAPTER 10                                                     Document Interchange



10.10.5 Trapping Support

       On devices such as offset printing presses, which mark multiple colorants on a
       single sheet of physical medium, mechanical limitations of the device can cause
       imprecise alignment, or misregistration, between colorants. This can produce
       unwanted visual artifacts such as brightly colored gaps or bands around the edges
       of printed objects. In high-quality reproduction of color documents, such arti-
       facts are commonly avoided by creating an overlap, called a trap, between areas of
       adjacent color.

       Figure 10.4 shows an example of trapping. The light and medium grays represent
       two different colorants, which are used to paint the background and the glyph de-
       noting the letter A. The first figure shows the intended result, with the two colo-
       rants properly registered. The second figure shows what happens when the
       colorants are misregistered. In the third figure, traps have been overprinted along
       the boundaries, obscuring the artifacts caused by the misregistration. (For em-
       phasis, the traps are shown here in dark gray; in actual practice, their color would
       be similar to one of the adjoining colors.)




                 Intended result         Misregistration          Misregistration
                                          with no trap               with trap



                                   FIGURE 10.4 Trapping example

       Trapping can be implemented by the application generating a PDF file, by some
       intermediate application that adds traps to a PDF document, or by the raster
       image processor (RIP) that produces final output. In the last two cases, the trap-
       ping process is controlled by a set of trapping instructions, which define two kinds
       of information:
       • Trapping zones within which traps should be created
       • Trapping parameters specifying the nature of the traps within each zone

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