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                               APPENDIX D


                D   Character Sets and
                       Encodings
This appendix lists the character sets and encodings that are assumed to be pre-
defined in any PDF consumer application. Only simple fonts, encompassing
Latin text and some symbols, are described here. See “Predefined CMaps” on
page 442 for a list of predefined CMaps for CID-keyed fonts.

Section D.1, “Latin Character Set and Encodings,” describes the entire character
set for the Adobe standard Latin-text fonts. This character set is supported by the
Times, Helvetica, and Courier font families, which are among the standard 14
predefined fonts (see “Standard Type 1 Fonts (Standard 14 Fonts)” on page 416).
For each named character, an octal character code is given in four different en-
codings: StandardEncoding, MacRomanEncoding, WinAnsiEncoding, and PDF-
DocEncoding (see Table D.1). Unencoded characters are indicated by a dash (—).

Section D.2, “PDFDocEncoding Character Set,” describes the entire set of charac-
ters that can be represented using PDFDocEncoding. It presents these characters
in numerical order and it describes the Unicode representation of each character.
This table overlaps the information presented in Section D.1, “Latin Character
Set and Encodings,” in terms of its presentation of presenting octal character
codes.

Section D.3, “Expert Set and MacExpertEncoding,” describes the so-called
“expert” character set, which contains additional characters useful for sophisti-
cated typography, such as small capitals, ligatures, and fractions. For each named
character, an octal character code is given in MacExpertEncoding. Note that the
built-in encoding in an expert font program is usually different from MacEx-
pertEncoding.

Sections D.4, “Symbol Set and Encoding,” and D.5, “ZapfDingbats Set and Encod-
ing,” describe the character sets and built-in encodings for the Symbol and


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